Method of finish machining an impeller

ABSTRACT

An impeller assembly is for a fluid machine, such as a compressor, and includes a first, main body and a second body. The main body includes a first section providing at least a substantial portion of either an impeller disc or an impeller cover and a second section spaced generally axially from the first section and providing a portion of the other one of the disc or the cover. A plurality of integrally formed blades extend between and connect the main body first and second sections such that the main body is generally of one piece construction. A plurality of flow channels are defined between the blades and a plurality of access openings extend into the flow channels. The second body provides a remainder of the disc or cover and is attachable to the main body to substantially form an impeller and to close all of the access openings.

The present application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/148,062, filed Jun. 8, 2005, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, to the extent that this content is not inconsistent with the present disclosure.

The present invention relates to fluid machinery, and more specifically to Impellers for devices such as compressors and pumps.

Impellers for fluid machinery are generally known and typically include a base or “disc” mounted to a rotatable shaft, a plurality of blades attached to the disc and a cover connected with the disc so as to enclose the blades. In operation, fluid enters an impeller through an inlet opening located proximal to the shaft, flows radially outwardly through flow channels defined between the blades, and exits the impeller through one or more outlets located at the outer perimeter of the impeller. Often, impellers are constructed by separately joining the blades to the disc and cover, or by forming the blades to the disk and then joining the blade edges to the cover interior surface. Such joining is generally accomplished by welding,-brazing, or any other suitable technique for connecting together the various impeller components. Although such techniques for forming impellers are often satisfactory, there is a risk that defects or abnormalities at the impeller component joints may lead to premature failure of an impeller fabricated in this manner.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention is an impeller assembly for a fluid machine. The impeller assembly comprises a first, main body having a central axis and including a first section providing at least a substantial portion of one of an impeller disc and an impeller cover and a second section spaced generally axially from the first section and providing a portion of the other one of the disc and the cover. A plurality of integrally formed blades extends between and connects the main body first and second sections such that the main body is generally of one-piece construction. Further, a second body provides a remainder of the other one of the disc and the cover, the second body being attachable to the main body to substantially form an impeller.

In another aspect, the present invention is again an impeller assembly for a fluid machine. The impeller assembly comprises a main body having a central axis and including a first section providing at least a portion of one of an impeller disc and an impeller cover and a second section spaced axially from the first section and providing a portion of the other one of the disc and the cover. A plurality of integrally formed blades extend between and connect the main body first and second sections. Further, a generally annular body providing a remainder of the other one of the disc and the cover is attachable to the main body to substantially form an impeller.

In a further aspect, the present invention is once again an impeller assembly for a fluid machine. The impeller assembly comprises a first, main body having an outer surface and including a first section providing at least a portion of one of an impeller disc and an impeller cover and a second section providing a portion of the other one of the disc and the cover. A plurality of integrally formed blades extend between and connect the body first and second sections and a plurality of flow channels are each defined between a separate one of a plurality of pairs of the blades. Further, a plurality of access openings each extend between the outer surface and a separate one of the flow channels. Also, a second body provides a remainder of the other one of the disc and the cover and is attachable to the main body to substantially form an impeller. The second body is configured to substantially close all of the access openings when the second body is attached to the main body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary, as well as the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings, which are diagrammatic, embodiments that are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a first impeller construction of an impeller assembly in accordance with the present invention, shown with an access body separate from a main body;

FIG. 2 is another front perspective view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 1, showing the access body attached to the main body;

FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly construction of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a front perspective view of a variation of the first impeller construction having a cover annular portion and shown with the access body separate from the main body;

FIG. 6 is another perspective view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 5, showing the access body attached to the main body;

FIG. 7 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a rear perspective view of a second impeller construction of the impeller assembly of the present invention, shown with the access body separate from the main body;

FIG. 10 is another rear perspective view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 9, showing the access body attached to the main body;

FIG. 11 is a front perspective view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 9;

FIG. 13 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is a rear perspective view of a variation of the second impeller construction having a disc outer annular portion and shown with the access body separate from the main body;

FIG. 15 is another rear perspective view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 13, showing the access body attached to the main body;

FIG. 16 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly construction of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is an axial cross-sectional view of the impeller assembly of FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is a front perspective view of the second impeller construction, shown with an alternative hub portion structure;

FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of the second impeller construction, shown with an alternative tubular portion structure; and

FIG. 20 is a broken-away, cross-sectional view of an exemplary application of the impeller assembly of the present invention, shown mounted on a fluid machinery shaft.

FIG. 21 is a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method of finish machining an impeller, in accordance with the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words “front” and “rear” refer to designated front and rear sides of an impeller assembly or component thereof. The words “inner”, “inwardly” and “outer”, “outwardly” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, a designated centerline or a geometric center of an element being described, the particular meaning being readily apparent from the context of the description. Further, as used herein, the word “connected” is intended to include direct connections between two members without any other members interposed therebetween and indirect connections between members in which one or more other members are interposed therebetween. The terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numbers are used to indicate like elements throughout, there is shown in FIGS. 1-20 an impeller assembly 10 for a fluid machine 1, preferably a centrifugal compressor 2 with a rotatable shaft 3 (see FIG. 20), in accordance with the present invention. The impeller assembly 10 basically comprises a first, main body 12 and a second body 14 attachable to the main body 12 to substantially form an impeller I, but enabling access to interior regions or sections of the main body 12 when separate therefrom, as discussed below. The main body 12 has a central axis 11 and opposing front and rear axial ends or sides 13A, 13B, and includes first and second sections 16, 18. The first section 16 provides at least a substantial portion, and preferably about the entirety, of either an impeller disc D or an impeller cover C. The second section 18 is spaced generally axially from the first section 16 and provides only a portion of the other one of the disc D and the cover C, and a plurality of integrally formed blades 20. The blades 20 extend between and connect together the main body first and second sections 16, 18, respectively, such that the main body 12 is generally of one-piece construction. The second body 14 provides a remainder of the other one of the disc D and the cover C, specifically to the section 16 or 18 providing only a portion of the disc D or cover C and/or to portions of the blades 20. Preferably, the second body 14 is permanently or fixedly attachable to the main body 12, but may alternatively be semi-permanently or even removably attachable thereto, as discussed below.

Further, the plurality of blades 20 are spaced apart circumferentially about the main body axis 11 such that each blade 20 extends generally radially with respect thereto. Each blade 20 has an inner end 22 located generally proximal to the central axis 11, an opposing outer end 24, and two spaced apart, front and rear sides 25, 26 extending generally radially between the two ends 22, 24. The main body 12 includes radially-innermost portions D_(PI), C_(PI) of the disc D and the cover C such that at least a radially-innermost portion 25 a, 26 a of each one of the two sides 25, 26 of each blade 20 is integrally formed with the main body first and second sections 16, 18. As such, no welding, brazing or other joining operation is required at the “leading edge” E_(L) of each blade 20, thereby eliminating the defects or abnormalities that may be found at such joints, which are often enlarged during heat treatment and may cause premature failure of the impeller I. Further, one of the two sides 25 or 26 of each blade 20 has a radially-outermost portion 25 b, 26 b with an edge surface 27 unconnected with a remainder of the main body 12, which provides a mounting surface S_(M). With this structure, the second body 14 is disposable simultaneously generally against the mounting surfaces S_(M) of all of the plurality of blades 20 when attached to the main body 12, as described in further detail below.

Referring to FIGS. 1-17, the impeller main body 12 preferably has a through bore 28 extending axially through the body first and second sections 12, 14, respectively, at least a portion of the fluid machine shaft 3 being disposable within the main body through bore 28 to couple the impeller I with the machine 1. Further, the main body 12 also has a plurality of flow channels 30, each channel 30 being defined between a separate pair of adjacent blades 20, and a plurality of access openings 32. Each flow channel 30 has an inlet 31 located generally proximal to the central axis 11 and an outlet 33 located generally distally from the axis 11, and is configured to direct fluid generally radially outwardly from the axis 11. Further, each access opening 32 is defined between a separate pair of adjacent blade edge surfaces 27 and extends between one of the main body axial sides 13A (FIGS. 1-8) or 13B (FIG. 9-17) and a separate one of the flow channels 30. Further, each access opening 32 is configured (i.e., sized, oriented, etc.) to permit insertion of at least a portion of a tool T (e.g., a contour grinder, an end mill, etc.) into the fluidly connected channel 30 for finish machining of the impeller I. Specifically, each access opening 32 enables the tool(s) T to enter the connected channel 30 for machining of sections of the pair of blades 20 defining the particular channel 30 and interior portions/surfaces of the disc D and cover C located generally between the two blades 20, as described in further detail below.

Furthermore, the impeller second body 14 is configured to substantially close all of the access openings 32 when the second body 14 is attached to the main body 12, and thus serves the purpose of an access panel, as discussed in greater detail below. In other words, when the “access” body 14 is separate from the impeller main body 12, all portions of the body 12 may be machined to desired, final or finished dimensions, including interior surfaces that are otherwise difficult to reach without the access openings 32. Thereafter, the access body 14 is disposable generally against the one side 13A or 13B of the main body 12 as to close all the access openings 32, and is attached to the main body 12, most preferably welded or brazed, as described below, but may be removably or fixedly attached by mechanical fastening (e.g., rivets, bolts, etc.).

Preferably, the second body 14 includes a generally annular plate 40 having inner circumferential edge surface 42 defining a central opening 44 and an opposing outer circumferential edge surface 46. A generally planar interior or “contact” surface 48 and an opposing, exterior surface 47 each extends generally radially between the two edge surfaces 42, 46. The contact surface 48 is disposable against a portion of each of the plurality of blades 20, specifically against all of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M), as discussed above and in further detail below. The contact surface 48 and/or either or both of the two circumferential edge surfaces 44, 46 is joined (e.g., welded, brazed, etc.) to the impeller main body 12 to attach the access body 14 thereto, as discussed in further detail below.

Still referring to FIG. 1-17, the one main body first or second section 16 or 18, respectively, that provides at least a portion of the impeller disk D preferably includes a generally cylindrical hub portion 50 and a generally annular portion 52 extending generally radially outwardly from the hub portion 50 and having opposing interior and exterior surfaces 53A, 53B. The hub portion 50 preferably has opposing axial ends 50 a, 50 b, a longitudinal passage 49 extending between the ends 50 a, 50 b and providing the main body through bore 28, and an outer edge surface 51 extending circumferentially about the axis 11. The other one of the main body first and second sections 16, 18, i.e., the one providing at least a portion of the impeller cover C, preferably includes a generally tubular portion 54 disposed generally coaxially about the hub portion 50, spaced axially from the annular portion 52, and having opposing interior and exterior surfaces 55A, 55B. Further, the plurality of blades 20 extend between and integrally connect the tubular portion 54 with the hub 50 and annular portions 52, thus forming the one-piece structure of the main body 12, as discussed in greater detail below. Preferably, the tubular portion 54 includes an inner edge surface 57 extending circumferentially about the axis 11 and spaced radially outwardly from the hub outer edge surface 51. As such, a generally annular opening 58 is defined between the hub portion edge surface 51 and the tubular portion edge surface 57, the inlet 31 of each one of the plurality of flow channels 30 being fluidly connected with the annular opening 58.

Further, with the preferred main body structure, each blade 20 preferably includes an elongated body 60 with an inner end 62 located generally proximal to the central axis 11, an opposing outer end 64, and two spaced apart, front and rear sides 65, 66, respectively, extending generally radially between the two body ends 62, 64. Each blade body 60 has a radially-innermost portion 60 a disposed between the hub portion 52 and tubular portion 54, such that a radially-innermost section 65 a of the one blade body side 65 is integrally connected with the tubular portion 54 and a radially-innermost portion 66 a of the other blade side 66 is integrally connected with the hub and annular portions 50, 52. Preferably, the radially-innermost body portion 60 a of each blade 20 is bent with respect to a remainder of the blade body 60 such that each blade innermost portion 60 a extends at least partially along the central axis 11, as best shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16 and 17. Alternatively, each blade 20 may be formed without the bended portion 60 a, so as to extend generally within parallel radial planes, such that the impeller I is generally “two dimensional”. Further, each blade body 60 is also preferably curved in a generally circumferential direction with respect to the central axis 11, so as to have a generally spiral form. As such, fluid passing through the flow channels 30 is directed in a partly tangential direction with respect to the central axis 11, as is generally known to those skilled in the art of fluid machinery. However, the blades 20 may be formed in any appropriate manner, such as without the body innermost portion 60 a being generally bent, and or with the body 60 being generally “straight” and extending substantially radially as opposed to being “swept back” tangentially.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-8, in a first construction of the impeller assembly 10, the main body 12 has a first section 16 that includes a substantial portion, preferably about the entirety, of the disk D and a second section 18 that includes only a portion of the cover C. As such, the second, access body 14 includes or provides the remainder of the cover C. The main body 12 is formed with the disc annular portion 52 being sized substantially radially larger than the tubular portion 54, such that a tubular portion outer circumferential surface 61 is spaced radially inwardly from, and centered within, the annular portion outer circumferential surface 59. Thus, the mounting surface S_(M) of each blade 20 is provided on an unconnected or “free” section of each blade body front side 65, which extends generally radially between the two outer circumferential edge surfaces 59, 61. With this structure, the preferred second body plate 40 is mountable to the main body 12 such that the tubular portion 54 is generally disposed at least partially within, and extends through, the plate central opening 44 and the plate contact surface 48 is generally disposed against all of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M) provided on the blade body front sides 65.

When the access plate 40 is mounted to the impeller main body 12, the plate inner circumferential edge surface 42 may either be disposed generally against or in contact with (i.e., “juxtaposed”) the tubular portion outer edge surface 61, or an annular gap (not indicated) may be formed between the facing circumferential surfaces 42, 61 for receiving welding or brazing material used to join the two surfaces 42, 61. Furthermore, the second body plate 40 preferably has a thickness t_(PI) sized to match with the thickness t_(T) of the mating tubular portion 54 (see FIGS. 3 and 7) and the plate 40 has generally curved cross-sectional shape or profile such that the plate exterior surface 47 is generally flush with the tubular portion exterior surface 55B and the plate interior surface 48 mates against the curved blade mounting surfaces S_(M), as best shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 7 and 8. However, the plate thickness t_(PI) may be greater or lesser than the tubular portion thickness t_(T), and/or may be tapering or non-constant in a radial direction, or/and the plate 40 may be generally “flat” with planar surfaces 47, 48.

Further, the first impeller assembly construction may either have a main body 12 with blade outer ends 24 connected only with the disc annular portion 52 and a relatively radially larger access plate 40 (FIGS. 1-4), or the impeller assembly 10 may have a main body 12 with a “cover” annular portion 70, such that blade ends 24 are integrally connected with both the disc and cover portions 52, 70, and a relatively radially smaller plate 40 (FIGS. 5-8). Referring first to FIGS. 1-4, the “larger” access plate 40 is preferably sized such that the plate 40 has an outside diameter pop that is generally equal to an outside diameter D_(OA) of the main body annular portion 52. In which case, when the plate 40 is mounted to the main body 12, the plate outer circumferential edge surface 46 and the annular portion outer edge surface 59 are generally axially aligned at the outer circumferential perimeter of the impeller I, and the blade outer ends 24 are all located proximal to the plate outer edge surface 46. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the plate 40 may be fixedly attached to the main body 12 by joining at least a portion of the plate inner circumferential edge surface 42 with the tubular portion outer circumferential edge surface 61, so as to form a circumferential joint J_(CO). Additionally or alternatively to the circumferential joint J_(C), the plate contact surface 48 may be joined with at least a portion of at least one, and preferably all, of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M) to thereby form one or more separate linear joint J_(L).

Referring to FIGS. 5-8, with the impeller structure having a smaller plate 40 and a cover annular portion 70, the plate outside diameter D.sub.OP is less than the cover annular portion outside diameter D.sub.OA (see FIG. 7). The cover annular portion 70 is disposed generally coaxially about the tubular portion 54, is spaced axially from the disk annular portion 52, and has inner and outer circumferential edge surfaces 72, 74 and an inside diameter D.sub.IC. The inner circumferential surface 72 is spaced radially outwardly from the tubular portion outer circumferential edge surface 61, such that a generally annular gap G.sub.A is defined between the cover annular portion 70 and the tubular portion 54. The gap G.sub.A is sized to receive at least a portion of the access plate 40, such that the plate 40 is disposable generally between the two main body portions 54, 70. As best shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, each blade mounting surface S.sub.M extends generally radially between the facing circumferential surfaces 61, 72, and thus generally across the annular gap G.sub.A, and the blade body outer ends 64 are all integrally connected with both the disc and cover annular portions 52, 70. Thus, no joining (i.e., welding, brazing, etc.) is required at the blade outer or “trailing” edges E.sub.T, which further contributes to an increased “life” of the impeller I.

Further, as depicted in FIGS. 6 and 8, when the second body plate 40 is mounted to the main body 12, the plate 40 may be fixedly attached by joining at least a portion of the plate inner circumferential surface 42 with the tubular portion outer circumferential surface 61, to form an inner circumferential joint J_(CI), and/or the plate outer circumferential surface 46 may be joined with the cover annular portion inner circumferential surface 72, so as to form an outer circumferential joint J_(CO). Additionally or alternatively to the circumferential joints J_(CI), J_(CO), the plate contact surface 48 may be joined with at least a portion of at least one, and preferably all, of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M) to form one or more separate linear joint J_(L).

Referring now to FIGS. 9-17, in a second construction of the impeller assembly 10, the main body 12 has a first section 16 that includes a substantial portion, preferably about the entirety, of the cover C and a second section 18 that includes only a portion of the disc D. As such, the second, access body 14 includes or provides the remainder of the disc D. Preferably, the impeller main body 12 includes a generally annular portion 80 integrally formed with and extending radially outwardly from the tubular portion 54. The “cover” annular portion 80 has an outer circumferential surface 82 spaced radially outwardly from the disc annular portion outer surface 59. As such, the mounting surface S_(M) of each blade 20 is provided on an unconnected or “free” section of each blade body rear side 66, which extends generally radially between the two outer circumferential edge surfaces 59, 82. With this structure, the preferred access plate 40 is mountable to the rear side 13B of the main body 12, such that the disc annular portion 52 is generally disposed at least partially within the plate central opening 44, the plate contact surface 48 is generally disposed against all of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M), and the plate inner circumferential edge surface 42 is either disposed generally against, or slightly spaced from, the disc annular portion outer edge surface 59. Furthermore, the plate 40 preferably has an inner thickness t_(P2) sized to match with the thickness t_(A) of the mating disc annular portion 52 and has a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape or profile such that the plate exterior surface 47 is generally flush with the disc annular portion exterior surface 52 a, although the contact surface 48 is preferably slightly curved to match the shape of blade body rear sides 66, as best shown in FIGS. 12, 13, 16 and 17. However, the plate thickness t_(P2) may be greater or lesser than the disc annular portion thickness t_(A), and/or may be tapering or non-constant in a radial direction, or/and the plate 40 may be generally flat with planar surfaces 47, 48.

Similarly to the first construction, the second impeller assembly construction may either have a main body 12 with outer blade ends 24 connected only with the cover annular portion 80 and a relatively radially larger access plate 40 (FIGS. 9-13), or the impeller assembly 10 may have a main body 12 with another disc annular portion 84, such that blade ends 24 are integrally formed with both the cover and disc annular portions 80, 84, and a relatively radially smaller plate 40 (FIGS. 14-17). Referring first to FIGS. 9-13, the “larger” access plate 40 is preferably sized such that the plate 40 has an outside diameter D_(OP) that is generally equal to an outside diameter D_(OA) of the cover annular portion 80. In which case, when the plate 40 is mounted to the main body 12, the plate outer circumferential edge surface 46 and the cover annular portion outer edge surface 82 are generally axially aligned at the outer circumferential perimeter of the impeller I, and the blade outer ends 24 are all located proximal to the plate outer edge surface 46 (see FIG. 13). As shown in FIGS. 10 and 13, the plate 40 may be fixedly attached to the main body 12 by joining at least a portion of the plate inner circumferential edge surface 42 with the disc portion outer circumferential edge surface 59, so as to form a circumferential joint J_(C). Additionally or alternatively to the circumferential joint J_(C), the plate contact surface 48 may be joined with at least a portion of at least one, and preferably all, of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M) to thereby form one or more separate linear joint J_(L).

Referring to FIGS. 14-17, with the impeller structure having a smaller plate 40 and a disc outer annular portion 84, the plate outside diameter D_(OP) is lesser than the disc outer annular portion outside diameter D_(OA) (see FIG. 16). The outer annular portion 84 is disposed generally coaxially about the disc annular portion 52, is spaced axially from the cover annular portion 80, and has inner and outer circumferential edge surfaces 85, 87 and an inside diameter D_(IA). The inner circumferential surface 85 is spaced radially outwardly from the outer circumferential edge surface 59 of the disc annular portion 52, such that a generally annular gap G_(AD) is defined between the disc inner and outer annular portions 52, 84. The disc gap G_(AD) is sized to receive at least a portion of the access plate 40, such that the plate 40 is disposable generally between the two main body disc portions 52, 84. As best shown in FIGS. 14 and 16, each blade mounting surface S_(M) extends generally radially between the facing circumferential surfaces 59, 85, and thus generally across the annular disc gap G_(AD), and the blade body outer ends 64 are all integrally connected with both the cover and disc annular portions 80, 84, eliminating any welding, brazing, etc. at the blade “trailing” edges E_(T), as discussed above.

Further, as depicted in FIGS. 16 and 17, when the second body plate 40 is mounted to the main body 12, the plate 40 may be fixedly attached by joining at least a portion of the plate inner circumferential surface 42 with the outer circumferential surface 59 of the disc annular portion 52, to form an inner circumferential joint J_(CI), and/or the plate outer circumferential surface 46 may be joined with the inner circumferential surface 85 of the disc outer annular portion 84, so as to form an outer circumferential joint J_(CO). Alternatively or in addition to the circumferential joints J_(CI), J_(CO), the plate contact surface 48 may be joined with at least a portion of at least one, and preferably all, of the blade mounting surfaces S_(M) to form one or more separate linear joint J_(L).

Referring now to FIGS. 18 and 19, with either of the two preferred constructions described above, the impeller main body 12 may be alternatively formed with the hub portion 50 or/and the tubular portion 54 having a separate, outer access ring 100, 102, respectively, fixedly attachable to a remainder or main section 101, 103, respectively, of the hub and tubular portions 50, 54. Specifically, the hub portion 50 may be formed of the hub portion main section 101, which is integrally connected with the blades 20 and at least a part of the tubular portion 54, and the “disc” access ring 100. The disc access ring 100 is generally circular and includes the hub outer edge surface 51 (partly defining annular opening 58 as discussed above), a central opening 104 forming part of the main body through-bore 28, and an end contact surface 106 disposable against a hub main section contact surface 101 a. With this structure, when the disc ring 100 is separate from the hub main section 101, the blade leading edges E_(L) are more readily accessible for finish machining. Thereafter, the ring 100 is fixedly (or removably) attachable to the main section 101 (e.g., by welding, brazing, mechanical fasteners, etc.) to form the complete hub portion 50.

Alternatively or in addition to the two-piece hub portion 50, the tubular portion 54 may be formed of the main section 103 integrally connected with the blades 20 and at least a part of the hub portion 50 (i.e., the hub main section 101), as discussed above, and the “cover” access ring 102. The cover access ring 102 is generally circular, is disposable circumferentially about the hub portion 50, and includes the tubular portion inner edge surface 57 (partly defining annular opening 58 described above) and an end contact surface 108 disposable adjacent a tubular main portion contact surface 103 a. As with the disc ring 100, when the cover ring 102 is separate from the tubular portion main section 103, the blade leading edges E.sub.L are more readily accessible for finish machining, and then the ring 102 is fixedly or removably attachable (e.g., by welding, brazing, bolts, etc.) to the main section 103 to form the complete tubular portion 54. The impeller main body 12 may be formed with both disc and cover access rings 100, 102, thus providing maximum accessibility to the blade leading edges E.sub.L, with either the disc ring 100 or the cover ring 102, or with neither rings 100, 102 (i.e., one-piece hub and tubular portions 50, 54).

In all of the above constructions and variations, the main body 12 is preferably formed of a single forging, billet, casting, etc., that is finish machined to the final desired dimensions. The preferred access plate 40 is preferably formed by a second, single casting, forging, stamping, etc., which generally requires minimal, if any, finish machining. This is due to the fact that the plate dimensions are less critical then those of the main body 12, particularly the profile or contours of the blades 20. Once the main body 12 is machined as desired, the access plate 40 is attached thereto to form the completed impeller I, as discussed above.

The impeller assembly 10 of the present invention provides a number of advantages over previous impeller designs. By having at least the blade leading edges E_(L), and in certain constructions the trailing edges E_(T) also, integrally connected or formed with the disc D and cover C, no welding, brazing or other joining operation is required at these sections, thus eliminating one potential source of impeller failure, as discussed above. Also, by having the one-piece main body 12 accessible for machining through the openings 32 and passages 30, the interior portions of the impeller I may be fully machined to desired dimensions, and then the access body 14 may be attached thereto. This access provides a major advantage over one-piece impeller designs, for which machining of the interior surfaces of the blades has proven very difficult. Further, when using welding, brazing or similar joining technique (as preferred), the joining process may be performed in a single plane and along simpler linear joints J_(L) along the blades 20 and circumferential joints J_(C) about the disc D or cover C.

More specifically, by having joint surface pairs 42/61, 46/72, 42/59, 46/85, or/and 48/S_(M) (depending on the particular impeller assembly construction) which each are substantially contained within a single plane, the negative effects of gravity on a brazing process is substantially reduced. Also, such joints are far easier to form compared to welding, brazing, etc., between the curved inner portions of the blades 20, i.e., along the body inner bended portions 60 a, and the mating curved hub and disc portions 50, 54, and can be accomplished with a 3-axis manipulator as a opposed to a 6-axis manipulator. Further, the required length of the welded or brazed joints along the blades 20 is substantially reduced as compared with welding or brazing along the entire blade length, which reduces the time of required joint inspection (e.g., less fillet weld to blend on fillet welded impellers prior to inspection, etc.), and ultrasonic inspection of such joints in a single plane is much simpler to perform. Also, such reduced length or “shorter” welded or brazed joints require less filler material, which also reduces manufacturing cost.

FIG. 21 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method for finish machining an exemplary embodiment of the impeller I, as shown in the previous figures. The method may include providing a main body, shown as step 501. Step 501 may further include providing a first section, shown as step 510. The first section may be provided according to one of the various exemplary embodiments described in detail above. Step 501 may further include providing a second section, shown as step 511. The second section may be provided according to one of the various exemplary embodiments described in detail above. Additionally, step 501 may include providing blades extending from the first section to the second section, shown as step 512. The blades may be provided according to one of the various exemplary embodiments described in detail above. Further, the step 501 may include integrally forming the first section, the blades, and the second section, shown as step 513, such that the main body is of substantially one-piece construction, as described in detail above.

The method may further include finish machining the main body, shown as step 503. Step 503 may include inserting a machining tool into an access opening, shown as step 530. The machining tool may be a counter grinder, an end mill, or the like, as previously described. Step 503 may also include inserting the tool between pairs of the blades, shown as step 531. The step 503 may further include finish machining the blades, shown as step 532. Any or all of the blades may be machined with the machining tool inserted through the access openings, as desired.

The method may further include finish machining the main body, shown as step 503. Step 503 may include inserting a tool into an access opening, shown as step 530. The tool may be a counter grinder, an end mill, or the like, as previously described. Step 503 may also include inserting the tool between pairs of the blades, shown as step 531. The step 503 may further include finish machining the blades, shown as step 532. Any or all of the blades may be machined through the access openings, using the tool, as desired.

The method may also include covering the access openings, shown as step 504. Step 504 may include providing an access body, shown as step 540. The access body may be provided according to the exemplary embodiments described in detail above. The step 504 may also include fixing the access body to the main body, shown as step 541. More particularly, step 541 may include fixing the access body to the blades where the blades are uncovered by the second section. The step 541 may also include fixing the access body to the main body via welding or brazing, shown as step 541 a, or, optionally, removably fixing the access body to the uncovered portion of the blades through the use of mechanical fasteners or the like.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. 

1. A method of finish machining an impeller comprising: providing a main body of the impeller having first and second sections and a plurality of blades extending between the first and second sections, each blade having a leading edge integrally-formed with the first and second sections and a front side integrally-formed with the second section, each blade further having a mounting surface extending from the first section opposite the front side for receiving an access body; providing a cover annular portion that is integrally-formed at a trailing edge of each of the plurality of blades on a rear side of each blade; providing access openings in the impeller, each access opening being defined between adjacent blades; machining at least one of the blades through the access openings; covering the access openings with the access a second body; and attaching an outer circumferential surface of the access body to an inner circumferential surface of the cover annular portion.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising inserting a machining tool through at least one of the access openings.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising using the machining tool to machine the at least one of the blades through the access openings.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the machining tool is a contour grinder or an end mill.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein machining the at least one of the blades through the access openings comprises: inserting the machining tool into a flow channel defined between an adjacent pair of the blades; and finish machining the blades and portions of the main body to define the flow channel.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein covering the access openings with the access body comprises removably fastening the access body to the first section of the main body with mechanical fasteners.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein covering the access openings with the access body comprises welding or brazing the access body to the first section of the main body to form a circumferential joint.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein covering the access openings with the access body further comprises fixedly attaching the access body to the mounting surface of at least one of the plurality of blades to form a linear joint.
 9. A method of finish machining an impeller comprising: providing a main body of the impeller having first and second sections and a plurality of blades extending between the first and second sections, each blade having a leading edge integrally-formed with the first and second sections and a rear side integrally-formed with the first section, each blade further having a mounting surface extending from the second section opposite the rear side for receiving an access body; providing a cover annular portion that is integrally-formed at a trailing edge of each of the plurality of blades on a front side of each blade; providing access openings in the main body, each access opening being defined between adjacent blades; inserting a machining tool into one of the access openings; machining at least one of the blades with the machining tool inserted into the one of the access openings; covering the access openings with the access body; and attaching an outer circumferential surface of the access body to an inner circumferential surface of the cover annular portion.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein covering the access opening with the access body further comprises fixing the access body to the mounting surface of each of the blades.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein fixing the access body to the mounting surface of each of the blades further comprises welding the access body to the mounting surface of the blades.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein covering the access openings with the access body further comprises fixing the access body to the second section of the main body to form a circumferential joint.
 13. The method of claim 9, wherein covering the access openings with the access body further comprises removably fixing the access body to the mounting surface of each blade with mechanical fasteners. 